CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT
To prove this crime the state must prove that after the felony was committed you:
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
LOITERING and PROWLING
To prove the crime of loitering and prowling, the state must prove:
To loiter is to linger or dawdle or remain or move about without a lawful purpose.
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
To be guilty the state must prove:
The defendant unnecessarily overloads, overdrives, torments, deprives of necessary sustenance or shelter, or unnecessarily mutilates, or kills any animal, or causes the same to be done, or carries in or upon any vehicle, or otherwise, any animal in a cruel or inhumane manner.
It can be a felony if the defendant intentionally commits an act to any animal which results in the cruel death, or excessive or repeated infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering.
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
POSSESSION OF A CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE
‘Possession’ means to have personal charge of, or exercise the right of ownership, management, or control over the thing possessed.
Possession may be actual or constructive.
‘Constructive possession’ means the thing is in a place over which the person has control, or in which the person has concealed it.
If a person has exclusive possession of a thing, knowledge of its presence may be inferred or assumed.
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
KIDNAPPING
To prove the crime of kidnapping, the state must prove the following three elements:
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
STALKING
A course of conduct where the defendant willfully, maliciously and repeatedly followed or harassed the victim.
Harass means a course of conduct directed at a specific person that causes substantial emotional distress and serves no legitimate purpose.
Aggravated Stalking includes the added act of a credible threat that places the victim in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury.
A credible threat means a threat made with the intent to cause reasonable fear for one’s safety, and must be against the life of the victim or a threat to cause bodily injury.
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
TRAFFICKING IN ILLEGAL DRUGS
To prove this the state must prove all of the following:
The State does not have to prove a sale. Giving drugs (at a party for example) is trafficking for some pills.
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
MURDER
The unlawful and premeditated killing of a human being.
Killing with premeditation is killing after consciously deciding to do so.
The decision must be present in the mind at the time of the killing.
The law does not fix the exact period of time that must pass between the formation of the premeditated intent to kill and the killing.
The period of time must be long enough to allow reflection by the defendant. The premeditated intent to kill must be formed before the killing.
CRIMES
50 ‘most charged’ crimes defined
MONEY LAUNDERING
A Defendant can be found guilty of this offense only if all of the following are proved beyond a reasonable doubt;
The term “monetary transaction” means the [deposit] [withdrawal] [transfer] or [exchange], in or affecting interstate commerce, of funds or a monetary instrument by, through, or to a financial institution obtained by some criminal offense.
How to get a Federal Judge to dismiss your indictment if you are charged with Human Trafficking and the charge involves sex with a minor and there was in fact no minor
If you have an attorney, you should share this blog with him/her. If you are representing yourself (no lawyer) look at some of my cases in federal court in Tampa and Miami and New York. In all events, do not try to do this alone: you need an attorney. Here’s how I set the legal stage for a dismissal of the charges: Step One: file the motion pursuant to Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Step Two: inform the federal judge your challenge the Indictment by pretrial motion. (cite this case: United States v. Spero, 331 F.3d 57 (2d Cir. 2003). Step Three: argue that the Indictment is defective and fails to properly and fully charge an offense under 18 U.S.C. 1591. (cite: United States v. Fern, 155 F.3d 1318 (11th Cir. 1998) and United States v. Chilcote, 724 F.2d 1498 (11th Cir. 1984). Step Four: Argue that the defect in the Indictment is the Indictment does not contain language that the alleged victim was a “victim of human trafficking”.
Tough argument to make? Not really. Prior to 2015, a majority of the Federal Appellate Courts ruled that you can be arrested and convicted as a Human Sex Trafficker even if the government did not have a live human being victim. That is now under attack and here is how I do it: You argue that in 2015 Congress amended 18 U.S.C. § 1591.
Inform the federal Judge that the legislative history of the amended statute shows that it was the intent of the Congress to prosecute criminals “who purchase sexual acts from human trafficking victims”. [ Specifically, this language can be found in the May 29, 2015, Pub. L. No. 114-22 § 109, 2015 (129 Stat. 227, 239), 18 U.S.C. § 1591 (2012)] Next throw in a paragraph or two and argue that Congress is presumed to be aware of an administrative or judicial interpretation of a statute and to adopt that interpretation when it re-enacts a statute without change, (If you want to really nail this argument throw a reference to these cases and watch the Assistant United States Attorney who is prosecuting you throw a temper fit… Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 U.S. 405, 414 n. 8, 95 S.Ct. 2362, 2370, 45 L.Ed.2d 280 (1975);*581 NLRB v. Gullett Gin Co., 340 U.S. 361, 366, 71 S.Ct. 337, 340, 95 L.Ed. 337 (1951); National Lead Co. v. United States, 252 U.S. 140, 147, 40 S.Ct. 237, 239, 64 L.Ed. 496 (1920); 2A C. Sands, Sutherland on Statutory Construction § 49.09 and cases cited (4th ed. 1973). I then throw into the stew (my motion) something about the fact that the new amended 18 U.S.C. § 1591incorporated sections of prior law. Everyone one has to agree that Congress can be presumed to have had knowledge of the interpretation given to the incorporated law, at least insofar as it affects the new statute and… Congressional intent is clear from the official record of Legislative Intent and purpose. Congress acted in 2015 and spoke to this issue. For a little legal spicing you can include the wording of the Statement of Congressional Intent it becomes clear that the purpose and intent of the 2015 amendments to 18 U.S.C. § 1591 was, in the words of the Congress “… to correct the courts, prosecutors and law enforcement agencies and to require they comport with 18 U.S.C. § 1591 and its purpose and correct application in arresting and prosecuting individuals who seek to obtain or obtain sexual relations with and from individuals who are in fact victims of human trafficking.” Still with me on this?….. I continue to argue that Congress in 2015 is bell-clear in instructing and correcting courts that 18 U.S.C. § 1591 requires the government allege and prove that persons, such as the defendant, can only be convicted when the government alleges in the Indictment and proves by evidence that the defendant sought to obtain sexual concourse with a minor who was and is in fact the victim of human trafficking.
My motion goes on a bit. If you want a copy of my pleadings, you can email me, and I’ll discuss it with your federal public defender or your private federal criminal defense lawyer (if you have hired one). In the end the motion to dismiss the indictment for Human Trafficking [where your charge involves allegations of negotiating to have sex with a minor and there was in fact no minor (just a lot of “dirty talk” with a federal case agent posing as a pimp)] can get the case tossed.
South Florida Criminal Defense Lawyer Blog
